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steatosis","onset_id":null,"reference":"ORPHA:14","source_release":"2026-06-23"},"sourceGroups":["orphanet"]},{"frequencyKind":"range","key":"ff2c234973cb9e28db82fcbedbdbbf1bda2219ca7eecc81b18717e301b2c69a4","raw":{"aspect":"P","body_system":"blood","disease_id":"ORPHA:14","disease_name":"Abetalipoproteinemia","evidence":"TAS","frequency_raw":"HP:0040281","hpo_id":"HP:0001927","is_excluded":false,"label":"Acanthocytosis","onset_id":null,"reference":"ORPHA:14","source_release":"2026-06-23"},"sourceGroups":["orphanet"]}],"referenceLabels":{},"references":{"causeHtml":"<ul><li><a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/abetalipoproteinemia\">Abetalipoproteinemia</a></li></ul>","identityNote":"MONDO cross-references identify native condition entries. Ancestor membership does not transfer phenotype values between groups.","importantHtml":""},"sections":[{"bodyHtml":"<p>Abetalipoproteinemia is caused by mutations in the MTTP gene, which provides instructions for making a protein called microsomal triglyceride transfer protein. This protein is essential for creating molecules called beta-lipoproteins in the liver and intestine. Beta-lipoproteins transport fats, cholesterol, and fat-soluble vitamins from the intestine to the bloodstream so these nutrients can be taken up by tissues throughout the body. Sufficient levels of fats, cholesterol, and vitamins are necessary for normal growth, development, and maintenance of the body&#x27;s cells and tissues.</p><p>Most MTTP gene mutations lead to the production of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein with reduced or absent function and unable to help in the formation of beta-lipoproteins. A lack of beta-lipoproteins causes severely reduced absorption (malabsorption) of dietary fats and fat-soluble vitamins from the digestive tract into the bloodstream. These nutritional deficiencies lead to health problems in people with abetalipoproteinemia.</p><p class=\"section-source\"><a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/abetalipoproteinemia/#causes\">MedlinePlus Genetics: Causes</a></p>","key":"forms","title":"What causes Abetalipoproteinemia?"},{"bodyHtml":"<p>The first signs and symptoms of abetalipoproteinemia appear in infancy. They often include failure to gain weight and grow at the expected rate (failure to thrive); diarrhea; and fatty, foul-smelling stools (steatorrhea).</p><p>As an individual with this condition ages, additional signs and symptoms include disturbances in nerve function that may lead to poor muscle coordination and difficulty with balance and movement (ataxia). They can also experience a loss of certain reflexes, impaired speech (dysarthria), tremors or other involuntary movements (motor tics), a loss of sensation in the extremities (peripheral neuropathy), or muscle weakness. The muscle problems can disrupt skeletal development, leading to an abnormally curved lower back (lordosis), a rounded upper back that also curves to the side (kyphoscoliosis), high-arched feet (pes cavus), or an inward- and upward-turning foot (clubfoot).</p><p>Individuals with this condition may also develop an eye disorder called retinitis pigmentosa, in which breakdown of the light-sensitive layer (retina) at the back of the eye can cause vision loss. In individuals with abetalipoproteinemia, the retinitis pigmentosa can result in complete vision loss. People with abetalipoproteinemia may also have other eye problems, including involuntary eye movements (nystagmus), eyes that do not look in the same direction (strabismus), and weakness of the external muscles of the eye (ophthalmoplegia).</p><p>Individuals with abetalipoproteinemia usually have a low number of red blood cells (anemia) with abnormally star-shaped red blood cells (acanthocytosis) and have difficulty forming blood clots, which can cause abnormal bleeding. In some cases, a condition called fatty liver develops, which can cause liver damage.</p><p class=\"section-source\">Source: <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/abetalipoproteinemia\">MedlinePlus Genetics</a></p>","key":"overview","title":"Condition overview"}],"sharedSources":[],"slug":"abetalipoproteinemia","sourceDocuments":[{"name":"Abetalipoproteinemia","reviewed":"2018-02","sections":{"causes":{"fetchedAt":"2026-10-20T20:19:01.900492+00:00","label":"Causes","pageSha256":"f430ff4fb71e45c5b900b20bc7a355131552940065272ca5b7ea392ff6bc5176","sourceUrl":"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/abetalipoproteinemia/#causes","status":"available"}},"source_release":"2026-10-01","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/abetalipoproteinemia"}],"sourceNote":"MedlinePlus descriptions and Causes; original HPO annotations.","takeawayHtml":"Cause explanations are from MedlinePlus Genetics. Feature values below retain their original sources and patient groups.","title":"Abetalipoproteinemia"},"schemaVersion":1}