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Ancestor membership does not transfer phenotype values between groups.","importantHtml":""},"sections":[{"bodyHtml":"<p>Carbonic anhydrase VA deficiency is caused by mutations in the CA5A gene. This gene provides instructions for making the carbonic anhydrase VA enzyme, which helps convert carbon dioxide to a substance called bicarbonate. Bicarbonate is necessary to maintain the proper acid-base balance in the body, which is necessary for most biological reactions to proceed properly. The carbonic anhydrase VA enzyme is particularly important in the liver, where it provides bicarbonate needed by four enzymes in the energy-producing centers of cells (mitochondria). These enzymes help control the amount of various other substances in the body.</p><p>Mutations in the CA5A gene result in absent or impaired carbonic anhydrase VA enzyme function, leading to reduced bicarbonate production. Insufficient bicarbonate results in impaired control of acid-base balance and reduces the activity of the four affected mitochondrial enzymes, resulting in the various biochemical abnormalities associated with carbonic anhydrase VA deficiency. These imbalances cause acute encephalopathy and the other signs and symptoms associated with this disorder. Studies suggest that a related enzyme produced from the CA5B gene may increasingly compensate for the lack of carbonic anhydrase VA as affected individuals mature, which may result in a reduced risk of metabolic crisis and acute encephalopathy after childhood.</p><p class=\"section-source\"><a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/carbonic-anhydrase-va-deficiency/#causes\">MedlinePlus Genetics: Causes</a></p>","key":"forms","title":"What causes Carbonic anhydrase VA deficiency?"},{"bodyHtml":"<p>During an episode, people with carbonic anhydrase VA deficiency have excess ammonia in the blood (hyperammonemia), problems with acid-base balance in the blood (metabolic acidosis and respiratory alkalosis), low glucose in the blood (hypoglycemia), and reduced production of a substance called bicarbonate in the liver. These imbalances lead to the signs and symptoms that occur during the episodes.</p><p>People with carbonic anhydrase VA deficiency typically first experience episodes of the disorder by age 2. These episodes may be triggered by going without food (fasting) for longer than usual between meals or when energy demands are increased, such as during illness. Between episodes, children with carbonic anhydrase VA deficiency are generally healthy, and more than half have no further episodes after the first one. Some affected children have mildly delayed development or learning disabilities, while others develop normally for their age.</p><p>The risk of metabolic crisis and acute encephalopathy is thought to decrease after childhood. Because of the small number of people with carbonic anhydrase VA deficiency who have come to medical attention, the effects of this disorder in adults are not well understood.</p><p class=\"section-source\">Source: <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/carbonic-anhydrase-va-deficiency\">MedlinePlus Genetics</a></p>","key":"overview","title":"Condition overview"}],"sharedSources":[],"slug":"carbonic-anhydrase-va-deficiency","sourceDocuments":[{"name":"Carbonic anhydrase VA deficiency","reviewed":"2016-09","sections":{"causes":{"fetchedAt":"2026-10-20T20:20:02.913222+00:00","label":"Causes","pageSha256":"5dfda7db1037e3017deeffb736753ced70825463e2a489bc59dd02da40ec7997","sourceUrl":"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/carbonic-anhydrase-va-deficiency/#causes","status":"available"}},"source_release":"2026-10-01","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/carbonic-anhydrase-va-deficiency"}],"sourceNote":"MedlinePlus descriptions and Causes; original HPO annotations.","takeawayHtml":"Cause explanations are from MedlinePlus Genetics. 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