Each column keeps its native condition scope. Initial features are displayed alphabetically, not ranked by clinical importance. Counts remain separate, and an empty cell does not mean a feature cannot occur.
"},"coverage":{"countRecords":0,"emptyColumnKeys":[],"hpoRelease":"2026-06-23","narrativeSourceChanges":[],"records":8,"sourceGroups":{"omim":5,"orphanet":0,"published":3}},"features":[{"hpoId":"HP:0005616","label":"Accelerated skeletal maturation","primary":false},{"hpoId":"HP:0008232","label":"Elevated circulating follicle stimulating hormone level","primary":false},{"hpoId":"HP:0011969","label":"Elevated circulating luteinizing hormone level","primary":false},{"hpoId":"HP:0000821","label":"Hypothyroidism","primary":false},{"hpoId":"HP:0008236","label":"Isosexual precocious puberty","primary":false},{"hpoId":"HP:0012411","label":"Premature pubarche","primary":false},{"hpoId":"HP:0010314","label":"Premature thelarche","primary":false},{"hpoId":"HP:0004322","label":"Short stature","primary":false}],"ledeHtml":"Central precocious puberty is a condition that causes early sexual development in girls and boys. While puberty normally starts between ages 8 and 13 in girls and between ages 9 and 14 in boys, girls with central precocious puberty begin exhibiting signs before age 8, and boys with this disorder begin before age 9. Signs of puberty include development of pubic and underarm hair, a rapid increase in height (commonly referred to as a "growth spurt"), acne, and underarm odor. Girls also develop breasts and begin their menstrual periods. Boys have growth of the penis and testes and deepening of the voice. Because of the early growth spurt, children with central precocious puberty may be taller than their peers; however, they may stop growing abnormally early. Without proper treatment, some affected individuals are shorter in adulthood compared with other members of their family. Developing ahead of their peers can be emotionally difficult for affected individuals and may lead to psychological and behavioral problems.","mondoId":"MONDO:0019165","records":[{"frequencyKind":"reported","key":"3e6e32c948fd6b591358cd07d66f2432a14a2dc9691f0e3d6315f7a4ad50ae76","raw":{"aspect":"P","body_system":"endocrine","disease_id":"OMIM:176400","disease_name":"Precocious puberty, central","evidence":"TAS","frequency_raw":null,"hpo_id":"HP:0011969","is_excluded":false,"label":"Elevated circulating luteinizing hormone level","onset_id":null,"reference":"OMIM:176400","source_release":"2026-06-23"},"sourceGroups":["omim"]},{"frequencyKind":"reported","key":"4ac4eaaed597a8766dd36c0f1b7886f39194f0b798c639869565d1435a459d31","raw":{"aspect":"P","body_system":"endocrine","disease_id":"OMIM:176400","disease_name":"Precocious puberty, central","evidence":"TAS","frequency_raw":null,"hpo_id":"HP:0008232","is_excluded":false,"label":"Elevated circulating follicle stimulating hormone level","onset_id":null,"reference":"OMIM:176400","source_release":"2026-06-23"},"sourceGroups":["omim"]},{"frequencyKind":"reported","key":"7a8882bfa01fa252d9155b1dc37c2cab1e0ec6c35c4ec2df34772c28806a249a","raw":{"aspect":"P","body_system":"endocrine","disease_id":"OMIM:615346","disease_name":"Precocious puberty, central, 2","evidence":"PCS","frequency_raw":null,"hpo_id":"HP:0010314","is_excluded":false,"label":"Premature thelarche","onset_id":null,"reference":"PMID:26431553","source_release":"2026-06-23"},"sourceGroups":["published"]},{"frequencyKind":"reported","key":"8558d007c19784a43ee8448d841b52dac1eb315e2e9b1c4eb7fc2575c8ea1ab4","raw":{"aspect":"P","body_system":"musculoskeletal","disease_id":"OMIM:615346","disease_name":"Precocious puberty, central, 2","evidence":"PCS","frequency_raw":null,"hpo_id":"HP:0005616","is_excluded":false,"label":"Accelerated skeletal maturation","onset_id":null,"reference":"PMID:23738509","source_release":"2026-06-23"},"sourceGroups":["published"]},{"frequencyKind":"reported","key":"904b161b905ad1b8e2baa81fadca6692a6a8ced9d83825e684504d7f3ae4f3a0","raw":{"aspect":"P","body_system":"endocrine","disease_id":"OMIM:615346","disease_name":"Precocious puberty, central, 2","evidence":"PCS","frequency_raw":null,"hpo_id":"HP:0012411","is_excluded":false,"label":"Premature pubarche","onset_id":null,"reference":"PMID:23738509","source_release":"2026-06-23"},"sourceGroups":["published"]},{"frequencyKind":"reported","key":"998cf54470455909e39aead47b2bdbc90397e2b61c03bdb2e0102c284b5b50f4","raw":{"aspect":"P","body_system":"endocrine","disease_id":"OMIM:176400","disease_name":"Precocious puberty, central","evidence":"TAS","frequency_raw":null,"hpo_id":"HP:0008236","is_excluded":false,"label":"Isosexual precocious puberty","onset_id":null,"reference":"OMIM:176400","source_release":"2026-06-23"},"sourceGroups":["omim"]},{"frequencyKind":"range","key":"d8a7f5e3e00ca2fdb3d9353b41c677fc402931ce7cdf57661bdccf399c452894","raw":{"aspect":"P","body_system":"endocrine","disease_id":"OMIM:176400","disease_name":"Precocious puberty, central","evidence":"TAS","frequency_raw":"HP:0040283","hpo_id":"HP:0000821","is_excluded":false,"label":"Hypothyroidism","onset_id":null,"reference":"OMIM:176400","source_release":"2026-06-23"},"sourceGroups":["omim"]},{"frequencyKind":"reported","key":"ee3c72bea14ee240eb46905abb28703dec05463af6e5699ff5f9ea637d719589","raw":{"aspect":"P","body_system":"growth","disease_id":"OMIM:176400","disease_name":"Precocious puberty, central","evidence":"TAS","frequency_raw":null,"hpo_id":"HP:0004322","is_excluded":false,"label":"Short stature","onset_id":"HP:0003581","reference":"OMIM:176400","source_release":"2026-06-23"},"sourceGroups":["omim"]}],"referenceLabels":{},"references":{"causeHtml":"","identityNote":"MONDO cross-references identify native condition entries. Ancestor membership does not transfer phenotype values between groups.","importantHtml":""},"sections":[{"bodyHtml":"The cause of central precocious puberty is often unknown. The most common known genetic cause of central precocious puberty is mutations in the MKRN3 gene. Changes in other genes are rare causes of the condition, and researchers suspect that changes in genes that have not yet been identified may also be involved in central precocious puberty. The timing of puberty is influenced by several factors in addition to genetics, including nutrition, socioeconomic status, and exposure to certain chemicals in the environment.
The protein produced from the MKRN3 gene plays a role in directing the onset of puberty. Puberty begins when a gland in the brain called the hypothalamus is stimulated to release bursts of a hormone called gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH). This hormone triggers the release of other hormones that direct sexual development. Research suggests that the MKRN3 protein blocks (inhibits) the release of GnRH from the hypothalamus, thus holding off the onset of puberty.
The MKRN3 gene mutations involved in central precocious puberty are thought to lead to production of a nonfunctional MKRN3 protein. Although the mechanism is unclear, researchers speculate that without the MKRN3 protein to inhibit GnRH release, the hypothalamus releases bursts of the hormone, which stimulates the onset of puberty earlier than normal.
For most genes, both copies of the gene (one copy inherited from each parent) are active in all cells. However, the activity of the MKRN3 gene depends on which parent it was inherited from. Only the copy inherited from a person's father is active; the copy inherited from the mother is not active. This sort of parent-specific difference in gene activation is caused by a phenomenon called genomic imprinting. Because only the copy of the MKRN3 gene from the father is active, when associated with this gene, the condition can only be inherited from a person's father. Either sons or daughters can have central precocious puberty, although researchers suspect that girls are more severely affected than boys, because the onset of puberty is even earlier than normal in girls than in boys. Boys with an MKRN3 gene mutation inherited from their father may go through puberty at the lower limit of the normal age range, so the condition is not diagnosed.
","key":"forms","title":"What causes Central precocious puberty?"},{"bodyHtml":"Source: MedlinePlus Genetics
","key":"overview","title":"Condition overview"}],"sharedSources":[],"slug":"central-precocious-puberty","sourceDocuments":[{"name":"Central precocious puberty","reviewed":"2016-10","sections":{"causes":{"fetchedAt":"2026-10-20T20:20:08.624883+00:00","label":"Causes","pageSha256":"abbce95ddec7a189add9f39cd1e18ae10ce8b017d18db026caa3135267f9d837","sourceUrl":"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/central-precocious-puberty/#causes","status":"available"}},"source_release":"2026-10-01","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/central-precocious-puberty"}],"sourceNote":"MedlinePlus descriptions and Causes; original HPO annotations.","takeawayHtml":"Cause explanations are from MedlinePlus Genetics. Feature values below retain their original sources and patient groups.","title":"Central precocious puberty"},"schemaVersion":1}