Each column keeps its native condition scope. Initial features are displayed alphabetically, not ranked by clinical importance. Counts remain separate, and an empty cell does not mean a feature cannot occur.
"},"coverage":{"countRecords":11,"emptyColumnKeys":[],"hpoRelease":"2026-06-23","narrativeSourceChanges":[],"records":15,"sourceGroups":{"omim":1,"orphanet":0,"published":14}},"features":[{"hpoId":"HP:0100529","label":"Abnormal circulating phosphate ion concentration","primary":false},{"hpoId":"HP:0001595","label":"Abnormal hair morphology","primary":false},{"hpoId":"HP:0001597","label":"Abnormal nail morphology","primary":false},{"hpoId":"HP:0000164","label":"Abnormality of the dentition","primary":false},{"hpoId":"HP:0025520","label":"Calcinosis cutis","primary":false},{"hpoId":"HP:0010766","label":"Ectopic calcification","primary":false},{"hpoId":"HP:0025092","label":"Epidermal acanthosis","primary":false},{"hpoId":"HP:0003074","label":"Hyperglycemia","primary":false},{"hpoId":"HP:0025114","label":"Hypergranulosis","primary":false},{"hpoId":"HP:0000962","label":"Hyperkeratosis","primary":false},{"hpoId":"HP:0045059","label":"Hyperkeratotic papule","primary":false},{"hpoId":"HP:0020073","label":"Hypopigmented macule","primary":false},{"hpoId":"HP:0040162","label":"Orthokeratosis","primary":false},{"hpoId":"HP:0000982","label":"Palmoplantar keratoderma","primary":false},{"hpoId":"HP:0007530","label":"Punctate palmoplantar hyperkeratosis","primary":false}],"ledeHtml":"Cole disease is a disorder that affects the skin. People with this disorder have areas of unusually light-colored skin (hypopigmentation), typically on the arms and legs, and spots of thickened skin on the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet (punctate palmoplantar keratoderma). These skin features are present at birth or develop in the first year of life.","mondoId":"MONDO:0014227","records":[{"frequencyKind":"count","key":"10465206724ade34f5d9012c65a16a449d37234fb41b12f2e9268b6fe4068355","raw":{"aspect":"P","body_system":"musculoskeletal","disease_id":"OMIM:615522","disease_name":"Cole disease","evidence":"PCS","frequency_raw":"4/8","hpo_id":"HP:0010766","is_excluded":false,"label":"Ectopic calcification","onset_id":null,"reference":"PMID:24075184","source_release":"2026-06-23"},"sourceGroups":["published"]},{"frequencyKind":"reported","key":"2ded890282bbc68b5539422f0b1b8fd4aaef71bd062b82065c7d5a04d4e08e5d","raw":{"aspect":"P","body_system":"skin","disease_id":"OMIM:615522","disease_name":"Cole disease","evidence":"PCS","frequency_raw":null,"hpo_id":"HP:0025092","is_excluded":false,"label":"Epidermal 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cutis","onset_id":null,"reference":"PMID:24075184","source_release":"2026-06-23"},"sourceGroups":["published"]},{"frequencyKind":"count","key":"45301cf8aec3dd129a404663c664b643cc686b97fac3ad31d972d1eeacca4157","raw":{"aspect":"P","body_system":"skin","disease_id":"OMIM:615522","disease_name":"Cole disease","evidence":"PCS","frequency_raw":"1/1","hpo_id":"HP:0045059","is_excluded":false,"label":"Hyperkeratotic papule","onset_id":null,"reference":"PMID:25065726","source_release":"2026-06-23"},"sourceGroups":["published"]},{"frequencyKind":"count","key":"464fc351639d6ddf98c5f1cfbb3b75716005260b0720c1c5bce2470f83ed1e32","raw":{"aspect":"P","body_system":"head_and_neck","disease_id":"OMIM:615522","disease_name":"Cole disease","evidence":"PCS","frequency_raw":"0/1","hpo_id":"HP:0000164","is_excluded":true,"label":"Abnormality of the 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disease","evidence":"PCS","frequency_raw":null,"hpo_id":"HP:0040162","is_excluded":false,"label":"Orthokeratosis","onset_id":null,"reference":"PMID:24075184","source_release":"2026-06-23"},"sourceGroups":["published"]},{"frequencyKind":"count","key":"a62c709fdc4d10c0c352d8bb35be91e785fb385222c5dab731624637b674989c","raw":{"aspect":"P","body_system":"skin","disease_id":"OMIM:615522","disease_name":"Cole disease","evidence":"PCS","frequency_raw":"0/1","hpo_id":"HP:0001595","is_excluded":true,"label":"Abnormal hair morphology","onset_id":null,"reference":"PMID:25065726","source_release":"2026-06-23"},"sourceGroups":["published"]},{"frequencyKind":"count","key":"f3717708f8861dab335ecb5f7f8e7ba8fe0dfdb1b08ba428af537bcc6c8b026a","raw":{"aspect":"P","body_system":"skin","disease_id":"OMIM:615522","disease_name":"Cole disease","evidence":"PCS","frequency_raw":"0/1","hpo_id":"HP:0001597","is_excluded":true,"label":"Abnormal nail morphology","onset_id":null,"reference":"PMID:25065726","source_release":"2026-06-23"},"sourceGroups":["published"]},{"frequencyKind":"reported","key":"f3dacd58ecfc46c7e22ab4397a88e3e11ffb8a3c20cc6b749aab80016a2bd4d3","raw":{"aspect":"P","body_system":"skin","disease_id":"OMIM:615522","disease_name":"Cole disease","evidence":"TAS","frequency_raw":null,"hpo_id":"HP:0000962","is_excluded":false,"label":"Hyperkeratosis","onset_id":null,"reference":"OMIM:615522","source_release":"2026-06-23"},"sourceGroups":["omim"]},{"frequencyKind":"count","key":"f7db1b8a22d1e0fc25363e497c57759a2a35bc9513c47d30054c7bc791248cf9","raw":{"aspect":"P","body_system":"metabolic","disease_id":"OMIM:615522","disease_name":"Cole disease","evidence":"PCS","frequency_raw":"0/4","hpo_id":"HP:0100529","is_excluded":true,"label":"Abnormal circulating phosphate ion concentration","onset_id":null,"reference":"PMID:24075184","source_release":"2026-06-23"},"sourceGroups":["published"]},{"frequencyKind":"count","key":"fb6994ff01b4206e4ec917a1f87af72fed617e26ef9fd1072c0f575bf56fc6a8","raw":{"aspect":"P","body_system":"metabolic","disease_id":"OMIM:615522","disease_name":"Cole disease","evidence":"PCS","frequency_raw":"0/4","hpo_id":"HP:0003074","is_excluded":true,"label":"Hyperglycemia","onset_id":null,"reference":"PMID:24075184","source_release":"2026-06-23"},"sourceGroups":["published"]}],"referenceLabels":{},"references":{"causeHtml":"","identityNote":"MONDO cross-references identify native condition entries. Ancestor membership does not transfer phenotype values between groups.","importantHtml":""},"sections":[{"bodyHtml":"Cole disease is caused by mutations in the ENPP1 gene. This gene provides instructions for making a protein that helps to prevent minerals, including calcium, from being deposited in body tissues where they do not belong. It also plays a role in controlling cell signaling in response to the hormone insulin, through interaction between a part of the ENPP1 protein called the SMB2 domain and the insulin receptor. The insulin receptor is a protein that attaches (binds) to insulin and initiates cell signaling.
Insulin plays many roles in the body, including regulating blood sugar levels by controlling how much sugar (in the form of glucose) is passed from the bloodstream into cells to be used as energy. Cell signaling in response to insulin is also important for the maintenance of the outer layer of skin (the epidermis). It helps control the transport of the pigment melanin from the cells in which it is produced (melanocytes) to epidermal cells called keratinocytes, and it is also involved in the development of keratinocytes.
The mutations that cause Cole disease change the structure of the SMB2 domain, which alters its interaction with the insulin receptor and affects cell signaling. The resulting impairment of ENPP1's role in melanin transport and keratinocyte development leads to the hypopigmentation and keratoderma that occurs in Cole disease. The mutations may also impair ENPP1's control of calcification, which likely accounts for the abnormal calcium deposits that occur in some people with this disorder. For reasons that are unclear, the changes in insulin signaling resulting from these ENPP1 gene mutations do not seem to affect blood glucose control.
","key":"forms","title":"What causes Cole disease?"},{"bodyHtml":"In some cases, individuals with Cole disease develop abnormal accumulations of the mineral calcium (calcifications) in the tendons, which can cause pain during movement. Calcifications may also occur in the skin or breast tissue.
Source: MedlinePlus Genetics
","key":"overview","title":"Condition overview"}],"sharedSources":[],"slug":"cole-disease","sourceDocuments":[{"name":"Cole disease","reviewed":"2015-01","sections":{"causes":{"fetchedAt":"2026-10-20T20:20:27.036900+00:00","label":"Causes","pageSha256":"33b2b7fd07ea28b1110e5b2eb6ee017b2a473b94e8506634b8152876ab2de5e8","sourceUrl":"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/cole-disease/#causes","status":"available"}},"source_release":"2026-10-01","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/cole-disease"}],"sourceNote":"MedlinePlus descriptions and Causes; original HPO annotations.","takeawayHtml":"Cause explanations are from MedlinePlus Genetics. Feature values below retain their original sources and patient groups.","title":"Cole disease"},"schemaVersion":1}