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hyperlipoproteinemia","evidence":"IEA","frequency_raw":null,"hpo_id":"HP:0000952","is_excluded":false,"label":"Jaundice","onset_id":null,"reference":"OMIM:238600","source_release":"2026-06-23"},"sourceGroups":["omim"]},{"frequencyKind":"count","key":"d7926791476e62e4de719305170c972b7c229bca80e28692922e5daae7e4a308","raw":{"aspect":"P","body_system":"cardiovascular","disease_id":"OMIM:238600","disease_name":"Type I hyperlipoproteinemia","evidence":"PCS","frequency_raw":"0/1","hpo_id":"HP:0004416","is_excluded":true,"label":"Precocious atherosclerosis","onset_id":null,"reference":"PMID:16174715","source_release":"2026-06-23"},"sourceGroups":["published"]}],"referenceLabels":{},"references":{"causeHtml":"<ul><li><a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/familial-lipoprotein-lipase-deficiency\">Familial lipoprotein lipase deficiency</a></li></ul>","identityNote":"MONDO cross-references identify native condition entries. Ancestor membership does not transfer phenotype values between groups.","importantHtml":""},"sections":[{"bodyHtml":"<p>Mutations in the LPL gene cause familial lipoprotein lipase deficiency. The LPL gene provides instructions for producing an enzyme called lipoprotein lipase, which is found primarily on the surface of cells that line tiny blood vessels (capillaries) within muscles and fatty (adipose) tissue. This enzyme helps break down fats called triglycerides, which are carried by molecules called lipoproteins.</p><p>Mutations that cause familial lipoprotein lipase deficiency lead to a reduction or elimination of lipoprotein lipase activity, which prevents the enzyme from effectively breaking down triglycerides. As a result, triglycerides attached to lipoproteins build up in the blood and tissues, leading to the signs and symptoms of familial lipoprotein lipase deficiency.</p><p class=\"section-source\"><a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/familial-lipoprotein-lipase-deficiency/#causes\">MedlinePlus Genetics: Causes</a></p>","key":"forms","title":"What causes Familial lipoprotein lipase deficiency?"},{"bodyHtml":"<p>People with familial lipoprotein lipase deficiency typically develop signs and symptoms before age 10, with one-quarter showing symptoms by age 1. The first symptom of this condition is usually abdominal pain, which can vary from mild to severe. The abdominal pain is often due to inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis). These episodes of pancreatitis begin as sudden (acute) attacks. If left untreated, pancreatitis can develop into a chronic condition that can damage the pancreas and, in rare cases, be life-threatening.</p><p>Affected individuals may also have an enlarged liver and spleen (hepatosplenomegaly). The higher the levels of fat in the body, the larger the liver and spleen become. As fat levels rise, certain white blood cells called macrophages take in excess fat in an attempt to rid fat from the bloodstream. After taking in fat, the macrophages travel to the liver and spleen, where the fatty cells accumulate.</p><p>Approximately half of individuals with familial lipoprotein lipase deficiency develop small yellow deposits of fat under the skin called eruptive xanthomas. These fat deposits most commonly appear on the trunk, buttocks, knees, and arms. Eruptive xanthomas are small (about 1 millimeter in diameter), but individual xanthomas can cluster together to form larger patches. They are generally not painful unless exposed to repeated friction or abrasion. Eruptive xanthomas begin to appear when fat intake increases and levels rise; the deposits disappear when fat intake slows and levels decrease.</p><p>The blood of people with familial lipoprotein lipase deficiency can have a milky appearance due to its high fat content. When fat levels get very high in people with this condition, fats can accumulate in blood vessels in the tissue that lines the back of the eye (the retina). The fat buildup gives this tissue a pale pink appearance when examined (lipemia retinalis). This fat accumulation does not affect vision and will disappear once fats from the diet are reduced and levels in the body decrease.</p><p>In people with familial lipoprotein lipase deficiency, increased fat levels can also cause neurological features, such as depression, memory loss, and mild intellectual decline (dementia). These problems are remedied when dietary fat levels normalize.</p><p class=\"section-source\">Source: <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/familial-lipoprotein-lipase-deficiency\">MedlinePlus Genetics</a></p>","key":"overview","title":"Condition overview"}],"sharedSources":[],"slug":"familial-lipoprotein-lipase-deficiency","sourceDocuments":[{"name":"Familial lipoprotein lipase deficiency","reviewed":"2015-02","sections":{"causes":{"fetchedAt":"2026-10-20T20:21:25.673938+00:00","label":"Causes","pageSha256":"f5f59e4594cee230ee6abd9410396ca8f51db6b04592cc63eaff7c0f937f1493","sourceUrl":"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/familial-lipoprotein-lipase-deficiency/#causes","status":"available"}},"source_release":"2026-10-01","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/familial-lipoprotein-lipase-deficiency"}],"sourceNote":"MedlinePlus descriptions and Causes; original HPO annotations.","takeawayHtml":"Cause explanations are from MedlinePlus Genetics. Feature values below retain their original sources and patient groups.","title":"Familial lipoprotein lipase deficiency"},"schemaVersion":1}