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Ancestor membership does not transfer phenotype values between groups.","importantHtml":""},"sections":[{"bodyHtml":"<p>Familial paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia can be caused by variants (also known as mutations) in the PRRT2 gene. The protein produced from this gene helps control signaling between nerve cells (neurons) in the brain. PRRT2 gene variants, which reduce the amount of PRRT2 protein, lead to abnormal neuronal signaling. This altered activity in the brain is thought to underlie the movement problems associated with familial paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia.</p><p>Not everyone with this condition has a variant in the PRRT2 gene. Variants in other genes involved in signaling in the brain are rare causes of familial paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia. The genetic cause is unknown in other affected families. Noninherited (somatic) variants in the same and other genes can cause paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia in people with no family history of the disorder. The nonfamilial form is referred to as sporadic paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia.</p><p class=\"section-source\"><a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/familial-paroxysmal-kinesigenic-dyskinesia/#causes\">MedlinePlus Genetics: Causes</a></p>","key":"forms","title":"What causes Familial paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia?"},{"bodyHtml":"<p>People with familial paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia experience episodes of irregular jerking or shaking movements that are brought on by sudden motion, such as standing up quickly or being startled. An episode may involve slow, prolonged muscle contractions (dystonia); small, fast, &quot;dance-like&quot; motions (chorea); writhing movements of the limbs (athetosis); or, rarely, flailing movements of the limbs (ballismus).</p><p>Familial paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia may affect one or both sides of the body. The type of abnormal movement varies among affected individuals, even among members of the same family. In many people with familial paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia, a pattern of symptoms called an aura immediately precedes the episode. The aura is often described as a crawling or tingling sensation in the affected body part. Individuals with this condition do not lose consciousness during an episode and do not experience any symptoms between episodes.</p><p>Individuals with familial paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia usually first experience episodes during childhood or adolescence.  Episodes typically last less than five minutes, and the frequency of episodes ranges from one per month to 100 per day. In most affected individuals, episodes occur less often with age.</p><p>In some people with familial paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia the disorder begins in infancy with recurring seizures characteristic of those in a condition called benign familial infantile seizures. These seizures usually develop in the first year of life and stop by age 3. When benign familial infantile seizures are associated with familial paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia, the condition is known as infantile convulsions and choreoathetosis (ICCA). In families with ICCA, some individuals develop only benign familial infantile seizures, some have only familial paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia, and others have ICCA, which has features of both conditions.</p><p class=\"section-source\">Source: <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/familial-paroxysmal-kinesigenic-dyskinesia\">MedlinePlus Genetics</a></p>","key":"overview","title":"Condition overview"}],"sharedSources":[],"slug":"familial-paroxysmal-kinesigenic-dyskinesia","sourceDocuments":[{"name":"Familial paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia","reviewed":"2022-02","sections":{"causes":{"fetchedAt":"2026-10-20T20:21:27.328407+00:00","label":"Causes","pageSha256":"223290606f90d63b8c895a75f496fd7a348c319a00c569d4daaddf18bcb468e0","sourceUrl":"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/familial-paroxysmal-kinesigenic-dyskinesia/#causes","status":"available"}},"source_release":"2026-10-01","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/familial-paroxysmal-kinesigenic-dyskinesia"}],"sourceNote":"MedlinePlus descriptions and Causes; original HPO annotations.","takeawayHtml":"Cause explanations are from MedlinePlus Genetics. 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