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The juvenile concept has its own evidence scope; whole-condition annotations are not relabeled as juvenile.","importantHtml":"<ol class=\"sources-list\"><li><a href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31104771/\" rel=\"noreferrer\">Wright et al., 2019</a>; <a href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32741964/\" rel=\"noreferrer\">Findlay Black et al., 2020</a>. Repeat interruptions.</li><li><a href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1305/\" rel=\"noreferrer\">GeneReviews: Huntington Disease, February 12, 2026</a>. Genotype-phenotype context.</li></ol>"},"sections":[{"bodyHtml":"<p class=\"answer\">CAG is a three-letter DNA sequence repeated in HTT. An expansion can change the huntingtin protein and affect nerve cells.</p><div class=\"table-scroll\"><table class=\"\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">CAG repeats in one gene copy</th><th scope=\"col\">What the range means</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">26 or fewer</th><td>Outside the intermediate and Huntington-associated expansion ranges.</td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">27–35</th><td>Intermediate range: people are typically unaffected, but the repeat can expand when passed to a child.</td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">36–39</th><td>Some people develop Huntington’s and some do not within their lifetime.</td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">40 or more</th><td>Almost always associated with developing Huntington’s, but the count does not specify the age of onset.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>One expanded copy can cause Huntington’s. Repeats can grow when inherited; larger expansions tend to be associated with earlier onset. This pattern is called anticipation.</p><p class=\"section-source\">Source: <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/huntingtons-disease/\" rel=\"noreferrer\">MedlinePlus Genetics</a></p>","key":"forms","title":"What does the CAG repeat number mean?"},{"bodyHtml":"<p class=\"answer\">The broad description and feature table do not capture every genetic or age-related difference.</p><ul class=\"bullet-list\"><li><strong>Repeat structure matters too.</strong> The CAG run can contain an interruption. Losing an interruption has been associated with earlier onset than the reported repeat number alone would suggest.</li><li><strong>A repeat count is not a timetable.</strong> Other genetic factors also affect onset and progression. Findings averaged across a study group are not years to add to or subtract from one person’s future.</li></ul><p class=\"section-source\"><a href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31104771/\" rel=\"noreferrer\">Wright et al., 2019</a> · <a href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32741964/\" rel=\"noreferrer\">Findlay Black et al., 2020</a> · <a href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1305/\" rel=\"noreferrer\">GeneReviews, genotype-phenotype correlations</a></p>","key":"important","title":"Important differences"}],"sharedSources":[],"slug":"huntington","sourceDocuments":[{"name":"Huntington's disease","reviewed":"2020-07","sections":{"causes":{"fetchedAt":"2026-10-20T20:22:16.558420+00:00","label":"Causes","pageSha256":"b1fa48ae4af159ef85b5f4c4e47c4a3b0f6cc1ed4c149e0ba09ae9a2bd0207ac","sourceUrl":"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/huntingtons-disease/#causes","status":"available","text":"Variants (also called mutations) in the HTT gene cause Huntington's disease. The HTT gene provides instructions for making a protein called huntingtin. Although the function of this protein is unclear, it appears to play an important role in nerve cells (neurons) in the brain.\n\nThe HTT variant that causes Huntington's disease involves a DNA segment known as a CAG trinucleotide repeat. This segment is made up of a series of three DNA building blocks (cytosine, adenine, and guanine) that appear multiple times in a row. Normally, the CAG segment is repeated 10 to 35 times within the gene. In people with Huntington's disease, the CAG segment is repeated 36 to more than 120 times. People with 36 to 39 CAG repeats may or may not develop the signs and symptoms of Huntington's disease, while people with 40 or more repeats almost always develop the disorder.\n\nAn increase in the size of the CAG segment leads to the production of an abnormally long version of the huntingtin protein. The elongated protein is cut into smaller, toxic fragments that bind together and accumulate in neurons, disrupting the normal functions of these cells. The dysfunction and eventual death of neurons in certain areas of the brain underlie the signs and symptoms of Huntington's disease."}},"source_release":"2026-10-01","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/huntingtons-disease"}],"sourceNote":"MedlinePlus Genetics: reviewed July 2020","takeawayHtml":"<strong>In brief:</strong> an expanded CAG repeat in HTT causes Huntington’s. Repeat length helps describe the genetic change, while age and symptoms describe the person’s presentation.","title":"Huntington’s disease"},"schemaVersion":1}