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Ancestor membership does not transfer phenotype values between groups.","importantHtml":""},"sections":[{"bodyHtml":"<p>Liebenberg syndrome is caused by changes in a region of the long (q) arm of chromosome 5 near the PITX1 gene. The PITX1 gene provides instructions for making a protein that plays a critical role in the development of the legs and feet by regulating the activity of other genes involved in their development.</p><p>The chromosome changes that cause Liebenberg syndrome involve the deletion, insertion, or rearrangement of genetic material near the PITX1 gene. These changes affect regions of DNA known as regulatory elements that help turn genes on or off during development.</p><p>The chromosome changes that are associated with Liebenberg syndrome cause the PITX1 gene to become abnormally active when the arms and hands are developing. Because the PITX1 protein normally directs the development of the legs and feet, the bones and tissues in the arms and hands develop more like those in the legs and feet.</p><p class=\"section-source\"><a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/liebenberg-syndrome/#causes\">MedlinePlus Genetics: Causes</a></p>","key":"forms","title":"What causes Liebenberg syndrome?"},{"bodyHtml":"<p>In people with Liebenberg syndrome, the bones and tissues of the elbows typically resemble those of the knees, and the arm bones near the elbow are shaped more like related structures in the leg. These changes limit the range of motion in the elbows.</p><p>Individuals with Liebenberg syndrome may have bones in the wrists that are joined together (fused), resembling related structures in the ankles and heels. This fusion can cause the hand to bend permanently toward the thumb (radial deviation).</p><p>Abnormalities of the hands and fingers may also be seen in individuals with Liebenberg syndrome. The bones in the hand that connect the wrist to the fingers (metacarpals) tend to be longer than normal, resembling the bones in the foot that connect the ankle to the toes. People with Liebenberg syndrome typically have fingers that are short (brachydactyly). Some affected individuals have a little finger that is permanently bent (camptodactyly) or fingers that are fused together (syndactyly).</p><p>Individuals with Liebenberg syndrome typically have no other signs and symptoms that are related to this condition. The development of the legs and feet is not affected.</p><p class=\"section-source\">Source: <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/liebenberg-syndrome\">MedlinePlus Genetics</a></p>","key":"overview","title":"Condition overview"}],"sharedSources":[],"slug":"liebenberg-syndrome","sourceDocuments":[{"name":"Liebenberg syndrome","reviewed":"2026-01","sections":{"causes":{"fetchedAt":"2026-10-20T20:22:56.998338+00:00","label":"Causes","pageSha256":"48cc681a708eda6ad6ed5d99a7f54ef057639cc957bebbc246a190609f09d127","sourceUrl":"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/liebenberg-syndrome/#causes","status":"available"}},"source_release":"2026-10-01","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/liebenberg-syndrome"}],"sourceNote":"MedlinePlus descriptions and Causes; original HPO annotations.","takeawayHtml":"Cause explanations are from MedlinePlus Genetics. Feature values below retain their original sources and patient groups.","title":"Liebenberg syndrome"},"schemaVersion":1}