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Ancestor membership does not transfer phenotype values between groups.","importantHtml":""},"sections":[{"bodyHtml":"<p>Mutations in the C19orf12 gene cause MPAN. The protein produced from this gene is found in the membrane of cellular structures called mitochondria, which are the energy-producing centers of the cell. Although its function is unknown, researchers suggest that the C19orf12 protein plays a role in the maintenance of fat (lipid) molecules, a process known as lipid homeostasis.</p><p>The gene mutations that cause this condition lead to an altered C19orf12 protein that likely has little or no function. It is unclear how these genetic changes lead to the neurological problems associated with MPAN. Researchers are working to determine whether there is a link between problems with lipid homeostasis and brain iron accumulation and how these abnormalities might contribute to the features of this disorder.</p><p class=\"section-source\"><a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/mitochondrial-membrane-protein-associated-neurodegeneration/#causes\">MedlinePlus Genetics: Causes</a></p>","key":"forms","title":"What causes Mitochondrial membrane protein-associated neurodegeneration?"},{"bodyHtml":"<p>MPAN commonly begins with difficulty walking. As the condition progresses, affected individuals usually develop other movement problems, including muscle stiffness (spasticity) and involuntary muscle cramping (dystonia). Many people with MPAN have a pattern of movement abnormalities known as parkinsonism. These abnormalities include unusually slow movement (bradykinesia), muscle rigidity, involuntary trembling (tremors), and an inability to hold the body upright and balanced (postural instability).</p><p>Other neurological problems that occur in individuals with MPAN include degeneration of the nerve cells that carry visual information from the eyes to the brain (optic atrophy), which can impair vision; problems with speech (dysarthria); difficulty swallowing (dysphagia); and, in later stages of the condition, an inability to control the bowels or the flow of urine (incontinence). Additionally, affected individuals may experience a loss of intellectual function (dementia) and psychiatric symptoms such as behavioral problems, mood swings, hyperactivity, and depression.</p><p>MPAN is characterized by an abnormal buildup of iron in certain regions of the brain. Because of these deposits, MPAN is considered part of a group of conditions known as neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA).</p><p class=\"section-source\">Source: <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/mitochondrial-membrane-protein-associated-neurodegeneration\">MedlinePlus Genetics</a></p>","key":"overview","title":"Condition overview"}],"sharedSources":[],"slug":"mitochondrial-membrane-protein-associated-neurodegeneration","sourceDocuments":[{"name":"Mitochondrial membrane protein-associated neurodegeneration","reviewed":"2014-04","sections":{"causes":{"fetchedAt":"2026-10-20T20:23:23.199600+00:00","label":"Causes","pageSha256":"10636d599990738c96d42f88d7d15494f955dedb7c87d240e1dfd9d22f6badbe","sourceUrl":"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/mitochondrial-membrane-protein-associated-neurodegeneration/#causes","status":"available"}},"source_release":"2026-10-01","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/mitochondrial-membrane-protein-associated-neurodegeneration"}],"sourceNote":"MedlinePlus descriptions and Causes; original HPO annotations.","takeawayHtml":"Cause explanations are from MedlinePlus Genetics. Feature values below retain their original sources and patient groups.","title":"Mitochondrial membrane protein-associated neurodegeneration"},"schemaVersion":1}