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atrophy","onset_id":null,"reference":"PMID:19508969","source_release":"2026-06-23"},"sourceGroups":["published"]}],"referenceLabels":{},"references":{"causeHtml":"<ul><li><a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/nephronophthisis\">Nephronophthisis</a></li></ul>","identityNote":"MONDO cross-references identify native condition entries. Ancestor membership does not transfer phenotype values between groups.","importantHtml":""},"sections":[{"bodyHtml":"<p>Nephronophthisis has several genetic causes, which are used to split the condition into distinct types. Nephronophthisis type 1, which is the most common type of the disorder and one cause of juvenile nephronophthisis, results from changes affecting the NPHP1 gene. The proteins produced from NPHP1 and the other genes involved in nephronophthisis are known or suspected to play roles in cell structures called cilia. Cilia are microscopic, finger-like projections that stick out from the surface of cells and are involved in chemical signaling. Cilia are important for the structure and function of many types of cells and tissues, including cells in the kidneys, liver, brain, and the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye (the retina).</p><p>The genetic mutations involved in nephronophthisis are thought to impair the structure or function of cilia in some way, which likely disrupts important chemical signaling pathways during development. Although researchers believe that defective cilia lead to the features of nephronophthisis, the mechanism remains unclear. It is unknown why some people with mutations in nephronophthisis-associated genes have only kidney problems, while others develop additional signs and symptoms.</p><p class=\"section-source\"><a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/nephronophthisis/#causes\">MedlinePlus Genetics: Causes</a></p>","key":"forms","title":"What causes Nephronophthisis?"},{"bodyHtml":"<p>Nephronophthisis eventually leads to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), a life-threatening failure of kidney function that occurs when the kidneys are no longer able to filter fluids and waste products from the body effectively. Nephronophthisis can be classified by the approximate age at which ESRD begins: around age 1 (infantile), around age 13 (juvenile), and around age 19 (adolescent).</p><p>About 85 percent of all cases of nephronophthisis are isolated, which means they occur without other signs and symptoms. Some people with nephronophthisis have additional features, which can include liver fibrosis, heart abnormalities, or mirror image reversal of the position of one or more organs inside the body (situs inversus).</p><p>Nephronophthisis can occur as part of separate syndromes that affect other areas of the body; these are often referred to as nephronophthisis-associated ciliopathies. For example, Senior-Løken syndrome is characterized by the combination of nephronophthisis and a breakdown of the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye (retinal degeneration); Joubert syndrome affects many parts of the body, causing neurological problems and other features, which can include nephronophthisis.</p><p class=\"section-source\">Source: <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/nephronophthisis\">MedlinePlus Genetics</a></p>","key":"overview","title":"Condition overview"}],"sharedSources":[],"slug":"nephronophthisis","sourceDocuments":[{"name":"Nephronophthisis","reviewed":"2014-09","sections":{"causes":{"fetchedAt":"2026-10-20T20:23:43.210559+00:00","label":"Causes","pageSha256":"65aa2e73674f23d1381349b62a2435af6f0f6aa8dc01ce5c947a144f597cdf21","sourceUrl":"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/nephronophthisis/#causes","status":"available"}},"source_release":"2026-10-01","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/nephronophthisis"}],"sourceNote":"MedlinePlus descriptions and Causes; original HPO annotations.","takeawayHtml":"Cause explanations are from MedlinePlus Genetics. Feature values below retain their original sources and patient groups.","title":"Nephronophthisis"},"schemaVersion":1}