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Ancestor membership does not transfer phenotype values between groups.","importantHtml":""},"sections":[{"bodyHtml":"<p>Optic atrophy type 1 is caused by mutations in the OPA1 gene. The protein produced from this gene is made in cells and tissues throughout the body. The OPA1 protein is found within mitochondria, which are the energy-producing centers of cells. The protein plays a key role in the organization of the shape and structure of the mitochondria and in controlled cell death (apoptosis). The OPA1 protein is also involved in a process called oxidative phosphorylation, from which cells derive much of their energy. Additionally, the protein plays a role in the maintenance of the DNA within mitochondria, called mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA).</p><p>Mutations in the OPA1 gene lead to problems with mitochondrial function. The mitochondria become misshapen and disorganized and have reduced energy-producing capabilities. The maintenance of mtDNA may also be impaired, resulting in mtDNA mutations that further interfere with mitochondrial energy production. Cells that contain these poorly functioning mitochondria are more susceptible to apoptosis. In particular, cells that have high energy demands, such as retinal ganglion cells, die over time. Specialized extensions of retinal ganglion cells, called axons, form the optic nerves, so when retinal ganglion cells die, the optic nerves atrophy and cannot transmit visual information to the brain.</p><p class=\"section-source\"><a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/optic-atrophy-type-1/#causes\">MedlinePlus Genetics: Causes</a></p>","key":"forms","title":"What causes Optic atrophy type 1?"},{"bodyHtml":"<p>In addition to vision loss, people with optic atrophy type 1 frequently have problems with color vision (color vision deficiency) that make it difficult or impossible to distinguish between shades of blue and green.</p><p>In the early stages of the condition, individuals with optic atrophy type 1 experience a progressive loss of certain cells within the retina, which is a specialized light-sensitive tissue that lines the back of the eye. The loss of these cells (known as retinal ganglion cells) is followed by the degeneration (atrophy) of the nerves that relay visual information from the eye to the brain (optic nerves), which results in further vision loss. Atrophy causes these nerves to have an abnormally pale appearance (pallor), which can be seen during an eye examination.</p><p class=\"section-source\">Source: <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/optic-atrophy-type-1\">MedlinePlus Genetics</a></p>","key":"overview","title":"Condition overview"}],"sharedSources":[],"slug":"optic-atrophy-type-1","sourceDocuments":[{"name":"Optic atrophy type 1","reviewed":"2017-08","sections":{"causes":{"fetchedAt":"2026-10-20T20:23:57.005786+00:00","label":"Causes","pageSha256":"e99fb46a8203722e3bbcff663c44b819b19ba4b991def1ae4ccfe03c955ebe6c","sourceUrl":"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/optic-atrophy-type-1/#causes","status":"available"}},"source_release":"2026-10-01","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/optic-atrophy-type-1"}],"sourceNote":"MedlinePlus descriptions and Causes; original HPO annotations.","takeawayHtml":"Cause explanations are from MedlinePlus Genetics. Feature values below retain their original sources and patient groups.","title":"Optic atrophy type 1"},"schemaVersion":1}