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Ancestor membership does not transfer phenotype values between groups.","importantHtml":""},"sections":[{"bodyHtml":"<p>Tarsal-carpal coalition syndrome is caused by mutations in the NOG gene, which provides instructions for making a protein called noggin. This protein plays an important role in proper bone and joint development by blocking (inhibiting) signals that stimulate bone formation. The noggin protein attaches (binds) to proteins called bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), which keeps the BMPs from triggering signals for the development of bone.</p><p>NOG gene mutations that cause tarsal-carpal coalition syndrome reduce the amount of functional noggin protein. With decreased noggin function, BMPs abnormally stimulate bone formation in joint areas, where there should be no bone, causing the bone fusions seen in people with tarsal-carpal coalition syndrome.</p><p>Mutations in the NOG gene are involved in several disorders with overlapping signs and symptoms. Because of a shared genetic cause and overlapping features, researchers have suggested that these conditions, including tarsal-carpal coalition syndrome, represent a spectrum of related conditions referred to as NOG-related-symphalangism spectrum disorder (NOG-SSD).</p><p class=\"section-source\"><a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/tarsal-carpal-coalition-syndrome/#causes\">MedlinePlus Genetics: Causes</a></p>","key":"forms","title":"What causes Tarsal-carpal coalition syndrome?"},{"bodyHtml":"<p>In this condition, fusion at the joints between the bones that make up each finger and toe (symphalangism) can also occur. Consequently, the fingers and toes become stiff and difficult to bend. Stiffness of the pinky fingers and toes (fifth digits) is usually noticeable first. The joints at the base of the pinky fingers and toes fuse first, and slowly, the other joints along the length of these digits may also be affected. Progressively, the bones in the fourth, third, and second digits (the ring finger, middle finger, and forefinger, and the corresponding toes) become fused. The thumb and big toe are usually not involved. Affected individuals have increasing trouble forming a fist, and walking often becomes painful and difficult. Occasionally, there is also fusion of bones in the upper and lower arm at the elbow joint (humeroradial fusion). Less common features of tarsal-carpal coalition syndrome include short stature or the development of hearing loss.</p><p class=\"section-source\">Source: <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/tarsal-carpal-coalition-syndrome\">MedlinePlus Genetics</a></p>","key":"overview","title":"Condition overview"}],"sharedSources":[],"slug":"tarsal-carpal-coalition-syndrome","sourceDocuments":[{"name":"Tarsal-carpal coalition syndrome","reviewed":"2012-04","sections":{"causes":{"fetchedAt":"2026-10-20T20:25:24.731648+00:00","label":"Causes","pageSha256":"ff0d5b9971ecd8c764020e884a3acb6c767b1f44cf0710fe3c8babfe101bf019","sourceUrl":"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/tarsal-carpal-coalition-syndrome/#causes","status":"available"}},"source_release":"2026-10-01","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/tarsal-carpal-coalition-syndrome"}],"sourceNote":"MedlinePlus descriptions and Causes; original HPO annotations.","takeawayHtml":"Cause explanations are from MedlinePlus Genetics. Feature values below retain their original sources and patient groups.","title":"Tarsal-carpal coalition syndrome"},"schemaVersion":1}