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VEXAS is an acronym that stands for the technical terms of key descriptors of the condition. Normally, inflammation is an immune system response to injury or foreign invaders (such as bacteria). In people with VEXAS syndrome, part of the immune system called the innate immune response is turned on (activated) abnormally, when there is no injury or foreign invader, which causes fevers and inflammation-related damage to tissues and organs. 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Ancestor membership does not transfer phenotype values between groups.","importantHtml":""},"sections":[{"bodyHtml":"<p>Variants (also called mutations) in the UBA1 gene cause VEXAS syndrome. The UBA1 gene provides instructions for making a protein called ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1. This enzyme is necessary for a process that targets damaged or unneeded proteins to be broken down (degraded) within cells. Protein degradation helps maintain the proper balance of protein production and breakdown (protein homeostasis) that cells need to function and survive. The UBA1 gene variants that cause VEXAS syndrome are acquired during a person&#x27;s lifetime and are present only in certain immune cells and blood-forming cells in the bone marrow. These changes, which are called somatic variants, are not inherited.</p><p>UBA1 gene variants that cause VEXAS syndrome result in the production of an enzyme with reduced function. As a result, damaged or unneeded proteins build up inside cells instead of being broken down, which may contribute to abnormal activation of immune cells or cell damage and death. This protein buildup also disrupts protein homeostasis. Old proteins must be removed before cells can make new proteins. If damaged or unneeded proteins are not broken down, they can stop the production of new proteins, which can contribute to the impairment of normal cell functions. When UBA1 gene variants occur in immune cells or blood cells, they lead to abnormal inflammation, impaired blood cell development, and other features of VEXAS syndrome.</p><p class=\"section-source\"><a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/vexas-syndrome/#causes\">MedlinePlus Genetics: Causes</a></p>","key":"forms","title":"What causes VEXAS syndrome?"},{"bodyHtml":"<p>VEXAS syndrome typically affects older adults, primarily males, with signs and symptoms of the condition developing in a person&#x27;s fifties, sixties, or seventies. People with VEXAS syndrome often have inflammation of the joints (arthritis), skin (dermatitis), cartilage in the ear and nose (chondritis), or blood vessels (vasculitis). Inflammation can also develop in other tissues, including in the lungs and eyes. Affected individuals may also have enlarged lymph nodes.</p><p>Blood cell abnormalities are common in VEXAS syndrome. Most affected individuals develop a shortage of red blood cells (a condition called anemia), and the red blood cells that are present are abnormally large (macrocytic). People with VEXAS syndrome can also have a shortage of blood cells called platelets (a disorder known as thrombocytopenia); platelets  are needed for normal blood clotting.  Some affected individuals develop myelodyspastic syndrome, a condition in which immature blood cells fail to develop normally; this condition may progress to a form of blood cancer calledleukemia.</p><p class=\"section-source\">Source: <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/vexas-syndrome\">MedlinePlus Genetics</a></p>","key":"overview","title":"Condition overview"}],"sharedSources":[],"slug":"vexas-syndrome","sourceDocuments":[{"name":"VEXAS syndrome","reviewed":"2022-06","sections":{"causes":{"fetchedAt":"2026-10-20T20:25:41.523311+00:00","label":"Causes","pageSha256":"a76cb30a9f7f5a6d5509c90dbedc4ed17769eed19717b49659824493b40308d9","sourceUrl":"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/vexas-syndrome/#causes","status":"available"}},"source_release":"2026-10-01","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/vexas-syndrome"}],"sourceNote":"MedlinePlus descriptions and Causes; original HPO annotations.","takeawayHtml":"Cause explanations are from MedlinePlus Genetics. Feature values below retain their original sources and patient groups.","title":"VEXAS syndrome"},"schemaVersion":1}